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《以斯拉记》 - 被掳、归回、重建(一)

第十一课 - 归回的被掳者名单(二)

经文:拉二:1 - 70

主旨:

“于是,祭司、利未人民中的一些人、歌唱的、守门的、尼提宁并以色列众人,各住在自己的城里。” -- 被掳七十年后,犹太人终于回到自己的故乡。

比较《以斯拉记》第二章和《尼希米记》第七章的两份归回的被掳者名单。

分析诗篇一百二十六:1 - 6 的“美梦成真”。
 

1。拉二:36 - 39  “36祭司耶书亚家耶大雅的子孙(the children of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua)九百七十三名;37音麦的子孙(The children of Immer)一千零五十二名;38巴施户珥的子孙(The children of Pashur)一千二百四十七名;39哈琳的子孙(The children of Harim)一千零一十七名。”

《新译本》:36祭司的数目记在下面:耶书亚家的耶大雅的子孙九百七十三人。37音麦的子孙一千零五十二人。38巴施户珥的子孙一千二百四十七人。39哈琳的子孙一千零一十七人。

KJV:36 The priests: the children of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua, nine hundred seventy and three. 37 The children of Immer, a thousand fifty and two. 38 The children of Pashur, a thousand two hundred forty and seven. 39 The children of Harim, a thousand and seventeen.

ESV:The priests: the sons of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua, 973. 37 The sons of Immer, 1,052. 38 The sons of Pashhur, 1,247. 39 The sons of Harim, 1,017.


上一课,我们已经看了归回的被掳者名单中的犹大和便雅悯的领袖、家族和各城邑居民。这一段记录了名单中祭司的子孙,同样的,《尼希米记》第七章也有一份记录。


尼七:39 - 42  “39祭司:耶书亚家,耶大雅的子孙(the children of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua)九百七十三名;40音麦的子孙(The children of Immer)一千零五十二名;41巴施户珥的子孙(The children of Pashur)一千二百四十七名;42哈琳的子孙(The children of Harim)一千零一十七名。”

KJV:39 The priests: the children of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua, nine hundred seventy and three. 40 The children of Immer, a thousand fifty and two. 41 The children of Pashur, a thousand two hundred forty and seven. 42 The children of Harim, a thousand and seventeen.

 


 

《以斯拉记》第二章

《尼希米记》第七章

经节

祭司

人数

经节

祭司

人数

36

耶书亚家耶大雅的子孙(the children of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua)

973

39

耶书亚家,耶大雅的子孙(the children of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua)

973

37

音麦的子孙(The children of Immer)

1052

40

音麦的子孙(The children of Immer)

1052

38

巴施户珥的子孙(The children of Pashur)

1247

41

巴施户珥的子孙(The children of Pashur)

1247

39

哈琳的子孙(The children of Harim)

1017

42

哈琳的子孙(The children of Harim)

1017

共 4289

共 4289

两份名单完全吻合


2。拉二:40 - 42  “40利未人:何达威雅(Hodaviah)的后裔,就是耶书亚和甲篾的子孙(the children of Jeshua and Kadmiel, of the children of Hodaviah)七十四名。41歌唱的:亚萨的子孙(the children of Asaph)一百二十八名。42守门的:沙龙的子孙(the children of Shallum)、亚特的子孙(the children of Ater)、达们的子孙(the children of Talmon)、亚谷的子孙(the children of Akkub)、哈底大的子孙(the children of Hatita)、朔拜的子孙(the children of Shobai)共一百三十九名。”

《新译本》:40利未人的数目记在下面:何达威雅的子孙,就是耶书亚和甲篾的子孙,七十四人。41负责歌唱的:亚萨的子孙一百二十八人。42负责守门的:沙龙的子孙、亚特的子孙、达们的子孙、亚谷的子孙、哈底大的子孙和朔拜的子孙,共一百三十九人。

KJV:40 The Levites: the children of Jeshua and Kadmiel, of the children of Hodaviah, seventy and four. 41 The singers: the children of Asaph, an hundred twenty and eight. 42 The children of the porters: the children of Shallum, the children of Ater, the children of Talmon, the children of Akkub, the children of Hatita, the children of Shobai, in all an hundred thirty and nine.

ESV:40The Levites: the sons of Jeshua and Kadmiel, of the sons of Hodaviah, 74. 41 The singers: the sons of Asaph, 128. 42 The sons of the gatekeepers: the sons of Shallum, the sons of Ater, the sons of Talmon, the sons of Akkub, the sons of Hatita, and the sons of Shobai, in all 139.


按着亚伦的等次作祭司的,才能执行圣殿礼仪的职责(亚伦家族的利未人);其余的利未人(亚伦家族以外的利未人)仍可在圣殿事奉,但不能作祭司的职事。这一段记录了名单中利未人的子孙。歌唱的亚萨的子孙和守门的人都是利未人。

亚萨和他的子孙都是在会幕和圣殿里负责音乐诗班的职司:

代下六:31-33,39

31约柜安设之后,大卫派人在耶和华殿中管理歌唱的事。
32他们就在会幕前当歌唱的差,及至所罗门在耶路撒冷建造了耶和华的殿,他们便按着班次供职。
33供职的人和他们的子孙记在下面。哥辖的子孙中有歌唱的希幔。。。哥辖是利未的儿子,利未是以色列的儿子。
39希幔的族兄亚萨是比利家的儿子,亚萨在希幔右边供职。比利家是示米亚的儿子。。

代上十五:11-21

11大卫将祭司撒督和亚比亚他并利未人乌列、亚帅雅、约珥、示玛雅、以列、亚米拿达召来,
12对他们说:“你们是利未人的族长,你们和你们的弟兄应当自洁,好将耶和华以色列神的约柜抬到我所预备的地方。
13因你们先前没有抬这约柜,按定例求问耶和华我们的上帝,所以他刑罚(注:原文作"闯杀")我们。”
14于是,祭司利未人自洁,好将耶和华以色列上帝的约柜抬上来。
15利未子孙就用杠肩抬上帝的约柜,是照耶和华借摩西所吩咐的。
16大卫吩咐利未人的族长,派他们歌唱的弟兄用琴瑟和钹作乐,欢欢喜喜地大声歌颂。
17于是,利未人派约珥的儿子希幔和他弟兄中比利家的儿子亚萨,并他们族弟兄米拉利子孙里古沙雅的儿子以探。
18其次还有他们的弟兄撒迦利雅、便雅薛、示米拉末、耶歇、乌尼、以利押、比拿雅、玛西雅、玛他提雅、以利斐利户、弥克尼雅,并守门的俄别以东和耶利。
19这样,派歌唱的希幔、亚萨、以探敲铜钹,大发响声;
20派撒迦利雅、雅薛、示米拉末、耶歇、乌尼、以利押、玛西雅、比拿雅鼓瑟,调用女音;
21又派玛他提雅、以利斐利户、弥克尼雅、俄别以东、耶利、亚撒西雅领首弹琴,调用第八。

代上十六:4-7

4大卫派几个利未人在耶和华的约柜前事奉、颂扬、称谢、赞美耶和华以色列的上帝。
5为首的是亚萨,其次是撒迦利雅、雅薛、示米拉末、耶歇、玛他提雅、以利押、比拿雅、俄别以东、耶利,鼓瑟弹琴;惟有亚萨敲钹,大发响声;
6祭司比拿雅和雅哈悉常在神的约柜前吹号。
7那日,大卫初次借亚萨和他的弟兄,以诗歌称颂耶和华,说。。

代上二十五:1-6

1大卫和众首领分派亚萨、希幔并耶杜顿的子孙弹琴、鼓瑟、敲钹、唱歌(注:原文作"说预言"。本章同)。他们供职的人数记在下面:
2亚萨的儿子撒刻、约瑟、尼探雅、亚萨利拉都归亚萨指教,遵王的旨意唱歌。
3耶杜顿的儿子基大利、西利、耶筛亚、哈沙比雅、玛他提雅、示每,共六人,都归他们父亲耶杜顿指教,弹琴、唱歌、称谢颂赞耶和华。
4希幔的儿子布基雅、玛探雅、乌薛、细布业、耶利摩、哈拿尼雅、哈拿尼、以利亚他、基大利提、罗幔提以谢、约施比加沙、玛罗提、何提、玛哈秀,
5这都是希幔的儿子,吹角颂赞。希幔奉上帝之命作王的先见。神赐给希幔十四个儿子、三个女儿,
6都归他们父亲指教,在耶和华的殿唱歌、敲钹、弹琴、鼓瑟,办上帝殿的事务。亚萨、耶杜顿、希幔都是王所命定的。

守门的可以是祭司,也可以是利未人,他们是按着班次看守圣殿的门,和作其他杂务,如圣殿的仓库。

《尼希米记》第七章也有一份记录。


尼七:43 - 45  “43利未人:何达威的后裔,就是耶书亚和甲篾的子孙(the children of Jeshua, of Kadmiel, and of the children of Hodevah)七十四名。44歌唱的:亚萨的子孙(the children of Asaph)一百四十八名。45守门的:沙龙的子孙(the children of Shallum)、亚特的子孙(the children of Ater)、达们的子孙(the children of Talmon)、亚谷的子孙(the children of Akkub)、哈底大的子孙(the children of Hatita)、朔拜的子孙(the children of Shobai)共一百三十八名。”

KJV:43 The Levites: the children of Jeshua, of Kadmiel, and of the children of Hodevah, seventy and four. 44 The singers: the children of Asaph, an hundred forty and eight. 45 The porters: the children of Shallum, the children of Ater, the children of Talmon, the children of Akkub, the children of Hatita, the children of Shobai, an hundred thirty and eight.


 

《以斯拉记》第二章

《尼希米记》第七章

           

经节

利未人

人数

经节

利未人

人数

           

40

何达威雅的后裔,就是耶书亚和甲篾的子孙(the children of Jeshua and Kadmiel, of the children of Hodaviah)

74

43

何达威的后裔,就是耶书亚和甲篾的子孙(the children of Jeshua, of Kadmiel, and of the children of Hodevah)

74

           
 

歌唱的

   

歌唱的

 
           

41

亚萨的子孙(the children of Asaph)

128

44

亚萨的子孙(the children of Asaph)

148

           
 

守门的

   

守门的

 
           

42

沙龙的子孙(the children of Shallum)、亚特的子孙(the children of Ater)、达们的子孙(the children of Talmon)、亚谷的子孙(the children of Akkub)、哈底大的子孙(the children of Hatita)、朔拜的子孙(the children of Shobai)

139

45

沙龙的子孙(the children of Shallum)、亚特的子孙(the children of Ater)、达们的子孙(the children of Talmon)、亚谷的子孙(the children of Akkub)、哈底大的子孙(the children of Hatita)、朔拜的子孙(the children of Shobai)

138

           
   

共 341

   

共 360

           
   

两份名单的数字有差异

 


3。拉二:43 - 54  “43尼提宁(Nethinims)(注:就是"殿役"):西哈的子孙(the children of Ziha)、哈苏巴的子孙(the children of Hasupha)、答巴俄的子孙(the children of Tabbaoth)、44基绿的子孙(The children of Keros)、西亚的子孙(the children of Siaha)、巴顿的子孙(the children of Padon)、45利巴拿的子孙(he children of Lebanah)、哈迦巴的子孙(the children of Hagabah)、亚谷的子孙(the children of Akkub)、46哈甲的子孙(The children of Hagab)、萨买的子孙(the children of Shalmai)、哈难的子孙(the children of Hanan)、47吉德的子孙(The children of Giddel)、迦哈的子孙(the children of Gahar)、利亚雅的子孙(the children of Reaiah)、48利汛的子孙(The children of Rezin)、尼哥大的子孙(the children of Nekoda)、迦散的子孙(the children of Gazzam)、49乌撒的子孙(The children of Uzza)、巴西亚的子孙(The children of Paseah)、比赛的子孙(the children of Besai)、50押拿的子孙(The children of Asnah)、米乌宁的子孙(the children of Mehunim)、尼普心的子孙(the children of Nephusim)、51巴卜的子孙(The children of Bakbuk)、哈古巴的子孙(the children of Hakupha)、哈忽的子孙(the children of Harhur,)、52巴洗律的子孙(The children of Bazluth)、米希大的子孙(the children of Mehida)、哈沙的子孙(the children of Harsha)、53巴柯的子孙(The children of Barkos)、西西拉的子孙(the children of Sisera)、答玛的子孙(the children of Thamah)、54尼细亚的子孙(The children of Neziah)、哈提法的子孙(the children of Hatipha)。”

《新译本》:43殿役的数目记在下面:西哈的子孙、哈苏巴的子孙、答巴俄的子孙、44基绿的子孙、西亚的子孙、巴顿的子孙、45利巴拿的子孙、哈迦巴的子孙、亚谷的子孙、46哈甲的子孙(the children of Hagab)、萨买的子孙(the children of Shalmai)、哈难的子孙(the children of Hanan)、47吉德的子孙、迦哈的子孙、利亚雅的子孙、48利汛的子孙、尼哥大的子孙、迦散的子孙、49乌撒的子孙、巴西亚的子孙、比塞的子孙、50押拿的子孙、米乌宁的子孙、尼普心的子孙、51巴卜的子孙、哈古巴的子孙、哈忽的子孙、52巴洗律的子孙、米希大的子孙、哈沙的子孙、53巴柯的子孙、西西拉的子孙、答玛的子孙、54尼细亚的子孙和哈提法的子孙。

KJV:43 The Nethinims: the children of Ziha, the children of Hasupha, the children of Tabbaoth, 44 The children of Keros, the children of Siaha, the children of Padon, 45 The children of Lebanah, the children of Hagabah, the children of Akkub, 46 The children of Hagab, the children of Shalmai, the children of Hanan, 47 The children of Giddel, the children of Gahar, the children of Reaiah, 48 The children of Rezin, the children of Nekoda, the children of Gazzam, 49 The children of Uzza, the children of Paseah, the children of Besai, 50 The children of Asnah, the children of Mehunim, the children of Nephusim, 51 The children of Bakbuk, the children of Hakupha, the children of Harhur, 52 The children of Bazluth, the children of Mehida, the children of Harsha, 53 The children of Barkos, the children of Sisera, the children of Thamah, 54 The children of Neziah, the children of Hatipha.

ESV:43 The temple servants: the sons of Ziha, the sons of Hasupha, the sons of Tabbaoth, 44 the sons of Keros, the sons of Siaha, the sons of Padon, 45 the sons of Lebanah, the sons of Hagabah, the sons of Akkub, 46 the sons of Hagab, the sons of Shamlai, the sons of Hanan, 47 the sons of Giddel, the sons of Gahar, the sons of Reaiah, 48 the sons of Rezin, the sons of Nekoda, the sons of Gazzam, 49 the sons of Uzza, the sons of Paseah, the sons of Besai, 50 the sons of Asnah, the sons of Meunim, the sons of Nephisim, 51 the sons of Bakbuk, the sons of Hakupha, the sons of Harhur, 52 the sons of Bazluth, the sons of Mehida, the sons of Harsha, 53 the sons of Barkos, the sons of Sisera, the sons of Temah, 54 the sons of Neziah, and the sons of Hatipha.


这一段记录了名单中尼提宁(Nethinims)(注:就是"殿役")的子孙。什么是尼提宁?在代上九:1-2 有一份从巴比伦归回之人的名单(我们以后查考《尼希米记》第十一章的时候会再提到),那里也提到“尼提宁”:

1以色列人都按家谱计算,写在以色列诸王记上。犹大人因犯罪就被掳到巴比伦。
2先从巴比伦回来住在自己地业城邑中的有以色列人、祭司、利未人、尼提宁的首领。

拉八:20 “从前大卫和众首领派尼提宁服事利未人。。”尼提宁是代表圣殿事奉人员中最低的一级。《七十士译本》翻译作“献身者”;犹太历史学家约瑟夫(37年-100年),称他们为“殿役”(《犹太古史》)。犹太经典他勒目(Talmud)称尼提宁是基遍人的后裔,当年他们以诡计骗以色列人与他们立约,不伤害他们,约书亚令他们作以色列人的奴仆,“为我上帝的殿作劈柴挑水的人。”(书九:23)

《尼希米记》第七章也有一份记录尼提宁的名单:

尼七:46 - 56  “46尼提宁(注:就是"殿役"):西哈的子孙(the children of Ziha)、哈苏巴的子孙(the children of Hashupha)、答巴俄的子孙(the children of Tabbaoth)、47基绿的子孙(The children of Keros)、西亚的子孙(the children of Sia)、巴顿的子孙(the children of Padon)、48利巴拿的子孙(The children of Lebana)、哈迦巴的子孙(the children of Hagaba)、萨买的子孙(the children of Shalmai)、49哈难的子孙(The children of Hanan)、吉德的子孙(the children of Giddel)、迦哈的子孙(the children of Gahar)、50利亚雅的子孙(The children of Reaiah)、利汛的子孙(the children of Rezin)、尼哥大的子孙(the children of Nekoda)、51迦散的子孙(The children of Gazzam)、乌撒的子孙(the children of Uzza)、巴西亚的子孙(the children of Phaseah)、52比赛的子孙(The children of Besai)、米乌宁的子孙(the children of Meunim)、尼普心的子孙(the children of Nephishesim)、53巴卜的子孙(The children of Bakbuk)、哈古巴的子孙(the children of Hakupha)、哈忽的子孙(the children of Harhur)、54巴洗律的子孙(The children of Bazlith)、米希大的子孙(the children of Mehida)、哈沙的子孙(the children of Harsha)、55巴柯的子孙(The children of Barkos)、西西拉的子孙(the children of Sisera)、答玛的子孙(the children of Tamah)、56尼细亚的子孙(The children of Neziah)、哈提法的子孙(the children of Hatipha)。”

KJV:46 The Nethinims: the children of Ziha, the children of Hashupha, the children of Tabbaoth, 47 The children of Keros, the children of Sia, the children of Padon, 48 The children of Lebana, the children of Hagaba, the children of Shalmai, 49 The children of Hanan, the children of Giddel, the children of Gahar, 50 The children of Reaiah, the children of Rezin, the children of Nekoda, 51 The children of Gazzam, the children of Uzza, the children of Phaseah, 52 The children of Besai, the children of Meunim, the children of Nephishesim, 53 The children of Bakbuk, the children of Hakupha, the children of Harhur, 54 The children of Bazlith, the children of Mehida, the children of Harsha, 55 The children of Barkos, the children of Sisera, the children of Tamah, 56 The children of Neziah, the children of Hatipha.


 

《以斯拉记》第二章

《尼希米记》第七章

经节

尼提宁

人数

经节

尼提宁

人数

43

西哈的子孙(the children of Ziha)、哈苏巴的子孙(the children of Hasupha)、答巴俄的子孙(the children of Tabbaoth)

46

西哈的子孙(the children of Ziha)、哈苏巴的子孙(the children of Hashupha)、答巴俄的子孙(the children of Tabbaoth)

44

基绿的子孙(The children of Keros)、西亚的子孙(the children of Siaha)、巴顿的子孙(the children of Padon)

47

基绿的子孙(The children of Keros)、西亚的子孙(the children of Sia)、巴顿的子孙(the children of Padon)

45

利巴拿的子孙(he children of Lebanah)、哈迦巴的子孙(the children of Hagabah)、亚谷的子孙(the children of Akkub)

48

利巴拿的子孙(The children of Lebana)、哈迦巴的子孙(the children of Hagaba)、

46

哈甲的子孙(The children of Hagab)、萨买的子孙(the children of Shalmai)、哈难的子孙(the children of Hanan)

48,49

萨买的子孙(the children of Shalmai) 、哈难的子孙(The children of Hanan)

47

吉德的子孙(The children of Giddel)、迦哈的子孙(the children of Gahar)、利亚雅的子孙(the children of Reaiah)

49,50

吉德的子孙(the children of Giddel)、迦哈的子孙(the children of Gahar)、利亚雅的子孙(The children of Reaiah)

48

利汛的子孙(The children of Rezin)、尼哥大的子孙(the children of Nekoda)、迦散的子孙(the children of Gazzam)

50,51

利汛的子孙(the children of Rezin)、尼哥大的子孙(the children of Nekoda)、迦散的子孙(The children of Gazzam)

49

乌撒的子孙(The children of Uzza)、巴西亚的子孙(The children of Paseah)、比赛的子孙(the children of Besai)

51,52

乌撒的子孙(the children of Uzza)、巴西亚的子孙(the children of Phaseah)、比赛的子孙(The children of Besai)

50

押拿的子孙(The children of Asnah)、米乌宁的子孙(the children of Mehunim)、尼普心的子孙(the children of Nephusim)

52

米乌宁的子孙(the children of Meunim)、尼普心的子孙(the children of Nephishesim)

51

巴卜的子孙(The children of Bakbuk)、哈古巴的子孙(the children of Hakupha)、哈忽的子孙(the children of Harhur,)

53

巴卜的子孙(The children of Bakbuk)、哈古巴的子孙(the children of Hakupha)、哈忽的子孙(the children of Harhur)

52

巴洗律的子孙(The children of Bazluth)、米希大的子孙(the children of Mehida)、哈沙的子孙(the children of Harsha)

54

巴洗律的子孙(The children of Bazlith)、米希大的子孙(the children of Mehida)、哈沙的子孙(the children of Harsha)

53

巴柯的子孙(The children of Barkos)、西西拉的子孙(the children of Sisera)、答玛的子孙(the children of Thamah)

55

巴柯的子孙(The children of Barkos)、西西拉的子孙(the children of Sisera)、答玛的子孙(the children of Tamah)

54

尼细亚的子孙(The children of Neziah)、哈提法的子孙(the children of Hatipha)

56

尼细亚的子孙(The children of Neziah)、哈提法的子孙(the children of Hatipha)

《以斯拉记》的名单多了三个家族的子孙(以红字表示

人数:参下段“所罗门仆人 的后裔”


4。拉二:55 - 58  “55所罗门仆人的后裔,就是琐太的子孙(the children of Sotai)、琐斐列的子孙(the children of Sophereth)、比路大的子孙(the children of Peruda)、56雅拉的子孙(The children of Jaalah)、达昆的子孙(the children of Darkon)、吉德的子孙(the children of Giddel)、57示法提雅的子孙 (The children of Shephatiah)、哈替的子孙(the children of Hattil)、玻黑列哈斯巴音的子孙(the children of Pochereth of Zebaim)、亚米的子孙(the children of Ami)。58尼提宁(Nethinims)和所罗门仆人的后裔 (the children of Solomon's servants)共三百九十二名。

《新译本》:55所罗门仆人的子孙的数目记在下面:琐太的子孙、琐斐列的子孙、比路大的子孙、56雅拉的子孙、达昆的子孙、吉德的子孙、57示法提雅的子孙、哈替的子孙、玻黑列.哈斯巴音的子孙和亚米的子孙。58作殿役的和所罗门仆人的子孙共三百九十二人。

KJV:55 The children of Solomon's servants: the children of Sotai, the children of Sophereth, the children of Peruda, 56 The children of Jaalah, the children of Darkon, the children of Giddel, 57 The children of Shephatiah, the children of Hattil, the children of Pochereth of Zebaim, the children of Ami. 58 All the Nethinims, and the children of Solomon's servants, were three hundred ninety and two.

ESV:55 The sons of Solomon's servants: the sons of Sotai, the sons of Hassophereth, the sons of Peruda, 56 the sons of Jaalah, the sons of Darkon, the sons of Giddel, 57 the sons of Shephatiah, the sons of Hattil, the sons of Pochereth-hazzebaim, and the sons of Ami. 58 All the temple servants and the sons of Solomon's servants were 392.


所罗门仆人是什么人?王上九章记载所罗门挑取许多外邦的俘虏作服苦的奴仆建造圣殿和自己的宫殿:(王上九:1,15-22)

1所罗门建造耶和华殿和王宫,并一切所愿意建造的都完毕了,

15所罗门王挑取服苦的人,是为建造耶和华的殿、自己的宫、米罗、耶路撒冷的城墙、夏琐、米吉多并基色。
16先前埃及王法老上来攻取基色,用火焚烧,杀了城内居住的迦南人,将城赐给他女儿所罗门的妻作妆奁。
17所罗门建造基色、下伯和仑、
18巴拉,并国中旷野里的达莫。
19又建造所有的积货城,并屯车和马兵的城,与耶路撒冷、黎巴嫩,以及自己治理的全国中所愿建造的。
20至于国中所剩下不属以色列人的亚摩利人、赫人、比利洗人、希未人、耶布斯人,
21就是以色列人不能灭尽的,所罗门挑取他们的后裔,作服苦的奴仆,直到今日。
22惟有以色列人,所罗门不使他们作奴仆,乃是作他的战士、臣仆、统领、军长、车兵长、马兵长。

以色列非常宽待奴仆,特别是自己人。申十五:12-15 说:“12你弟兄中,若有一个希伯来男人,或希伯来女人被卖给你,服事你六年,到第七年就要任他自由出去。13你任他自由的时候,不可使他空手而去。14要从你羊群、禾场、酒榨之中,多多地给他,耶和华你的上帝怎样赐福与你,你也要照样给他。15要记念你在埃及地作过奴仆,耶和华你的上帝将你救赎。因此,我今日吩咐你这件事。。”对于外邦的奴仆,圣经就没有交代。这里的所罗门仆人的后裔可能是留在犹太社群,没有离开的人,所以人数很少。
 

《尼希米记》第七章也有一份记录所罗门仆人的名单:

尼七:57 - 60  “57所罗门仆人的后裔,就是琐太的子孙(the children of Sotai)、琐斐列的子孙(the children of Sophereth)、比路大的子孙(the children of Perida)、58雅拉的子孙(The children of Jaala)、达昆的子孙(the children of Darkon)、吉德的子孙(the children of Giddel)、59示法提雅的子孙(The children of Shephatiah)、哈替的子孙(the children of Hattil)、玻黑列哈斯巴音的子孙(the children of Pochereth of Zebaim)、亚们的子孙(the children of Amon)。60尼提宁(Nethinims)和所罗门仆人的后裔(the children of Solomon's servants)共三百九十二名。”

KJV:57 The children of Solomon's servants: the children of Sotai, the children of Sophereth, the children of Perida, 58 The children of Jaala, the children of Darkon, the children of Giddel, 59 The children of Shephatiah, the children of Hattil, the children of Pochereth of Zebaim, the children of Amon. 60 All the Nethinims, and the children of Solomon's servants, were three hundred ninety and two.


 

《以斯拉记》第二章

《尼希米记》第七章

           

经节

所罗门仆人的后裔

人数

经节

所罗门仆人的后裔

人数

           
           

55

琐太的子孙(the children of Sotai)、琐斐列的子孙(the children of Sophereth)、比路大的子孙(the children of Perida)

 

57

琐太的子孙(the children of Sotai)、琐斐列的子孙(the children of Sophereth)、比路大的子孙(the children of Perida)

 
           

56

雅拉的子孙(The children of Jaalah)、达昆的子孙(the children of Darkon)、吉德的子孙(the children of Giddel)

 

58

雅拉的子孙(The children of Jaala)、达昆的子孙(the children of Darkon)、吉德的子孙(the children of Giddel)

 
           

57

示法提雅的子孙 (The children of Shephatiah)、哈替的子孙(the children of Hattil)、玻黑列哈斯巴音的子孙(the children of Pochereth of Zebaim)、亚米的子孙(the children of Ami)

 

59

示法提雅的子孙(The children of Shephatiah)、哈替的子孙(the children of Hattil)、玻黑列哈斯巴音的子孙(the children of Pochereth of Zebaim)、亚们的子孙(the children of Amon)

 
           

58

尼提宁(Nethinims)和所罗门仆人的后裔 (the children of Solomon's servants)共三百九十二名

尼提宁(Nethinims)和所罗门仆人的后裔 (the children of Solomon's servants)共三百九十二名

60

尼提宁(Nethinims)和所罗门仆人的后裔(the children of Solomon's servants)共三百九十二名

尼提宁(Nethinims)和所罗门仆人的后裔 (the children of Solomon's servants)共三百九十二名

           
   

两份名单完全吻合

 
           


5。拉二:59 - 63  “59从特米拉(Tel-melah)、特哈萨(Tel-harsa)、基绿(Cherub)、押但(Addan)、音麦(Immer)上来的,不能指明他们的宗族谱系是以色列人不是。60他们是第来雅的子孙(The children of Delaiah)、多比雅的子孙(the children of Tobiah)、尼哥大的子孙(the children of Nekoda),共六百五十二名。61祭司中哈巴雅的子孙(the children of Habaiah)、哈哥斯的子孙(the children of Koz)、巴西莱的子孙(the children of Barzillai),因为他们的先祖娶了基列人巴西莱(Barzillai the Gileadite)的女儿为妻,所以起名叫巴西莱(Barzillai)。62这三家的人,在族谱之中寻查自己的谱系,却寻不着,因此算为不洁,不准供祭司的职任。63省长(Tirshatha or governor)对他们说:‘不可吃至圣的物,直到有用乌陵(Urim)和土明(Thummim)决疑的祭司兴起来。’”

《新译本》:59以下这些人是从特.米拉、特.哈萨、基绿、押但、音麦上来的,可是他们无法证明他们的父家或世系是以色列人。60这些人是第莱雅的子孙、多比雅的子孙和尼哥大的子孙,共六百五十二人。61祭司的子孙中,有哈巴雅的子孙、哈哥斯的子孙和巴西莱的子孙;巴西莱娶了基列人巴西莱的一个女儿为妻,所以起名叫巴西莱。62这些人查考族谱的记录,却找不着,因此他们算为不洁净,不能作祭司。63省长告诉他们不可吃至圣之物,直等到有能用乌陵和土明来决疑的祭司兴起来。

KJV:59 And these were they which went up from Tel-melah, Tel-harsa, Cherub, Addan, and Immer: but they could not shew their father's house, and their seed, whether they were of Israel: 60 The children of Delaiah, the children of Tobiah, the children of Nekoda, six hundred fifty and two. 61 And of the children of the priests: the children of Habaiah, the children of Koz, the children of Barzillai; which took a wife of the daughters of Barzillai the Gileadite, and was called after their name: 62 These sought their register among those that were reckoned by  genealogy, but they were not found: therefore were they, as polluted, put from the priesthood. 63 And the Tirshatha said unto them, that they should not eat of the most holy things, till there stood up a priest with Urim and with Thummim.

ESV:59 The following were those who came up from Tel-melah, Tel-harsha, Cherub, Addan, and Immer, though they  could not prove their fathers' houses or their descent, whether they belonged to Israel: 60 the sons of Delaiah, the sons of Tobiah, and the sons of Nekoda, 652. 61 Also, of the sons of the priests: the sons of Habaiah, the sons of Hakkoz, and the sons of Barzillai (who had taken a wife from the daughters of Barzillai the Gileadite, and was called by their name). 62 These sought their registration among those enrolled in the genealogies, but they were not found there, and so they were excluded from the priesthood as unclean. 63 The governor told them that they were not to partake of the most holy food, until there should be a priest to consult Urim and Thummim.


这段经文记载了两种人:

A。一种是“不能指明他们的宗族谱系是以色列人不是”,共 652 人。宗族或家族谱系是记录家族历代人物的名单。旧约圣经记录了 20多个家谱,新约圣经也记录了耶稣的家谱。从这一点来看,宗族谱系对以色列人来说是何等的重要,谱系的抄录和传承是非常的谨慎,绝对没有马虎。 (这并不是说记录在圣经的谱系不会有抄写的错误。)

B。一种是在族谱里找不到名字的祭司,“因此他们算为不洁净,不能作祭司。”“省长告诉他们不可吃至圣之物,直等到有能用乌陵和土明来决疑的祭司兴起来。”他们是谁呢?他们是“哈巴雅的子孙(the children of Habaiah)、哈哥斯的子孙(the children of Koz)、巴西莱的子孙(the children of Barzillai),因为他们的先祖娶了基列人巴西莱(Barzillai the Gileadite)的女儿为妻,所以起名叫巴西莱(Barzillai)。”基列人巴西莱是谁?

当大卫的孩子押沙龙反叛的时候,在撒下十七:27-29,我们看到巴西莱带着被、褥和食物供给大卫和跟随他的人吃。押沙龙反叛失败后,大卫返回耶路撒冷,撒下十九:31-39 说:

31基列人(Gileadite)巴西莱(Barzillai)从罗基琳下来,要送王过约旦河,就与王一同过了约旦河。
32巴西莱年纪老迈,已经八十岁了。王住在玛哈念的时候,他就拿食物来供给王,他原是大富户。
33王对巴西莱说:“你与我同去,我要在耶路撒冷那里养你的老。”
34巴西莱对王说:“我在世的年日还能有多少,使我与王同上耶路撒冷呢?
35仆人现在八十岁了,还能尝出饮食的滋味,辨别美恶吗?还能听男女歌唱的声音吗?仆人何必累赘我主我王呢?
36仆人只要送王过约旦河,王何必赐我这样的恩典呢?
37求你准我回去,好死在我本城,葬在我父母的墓旁。这里有王的仆人金罕,让他同我主我王过去,可以随意待他。”
38王说:“金罕可以与我同去,我必照你的心愿待他。你向我求什么,我都必为你成就。”
39于是众民过约旦河,王也过去。王与巴西莱亲咀,为他祝福。巴西莱就回本地去了。

现在这个老人家陪伴大卫过约但河。他拒绝大卫的好意,就是要在耶路撒冷那里养他的老,并且还将自己的仆人金罕献给大卫,回耶路撒冷服侍大卫。大卫没有忘记巴西莱在他患难的时候所给与的帮助,在王上二:7,他吩咐所罗门要厚待巴西莱:“你当恩待基列人巴西莱的众子,使他们常与你同席吃饭,因为我躲避你哥哥押沙龙的时候,他们拿食物来迎接我。”

这三家人已经不能拿出证据,证明他们是亚伦的后裔。祭司之职必须由亚伦四个儿子之中的以利亚撒的子孙和以他玛的子孙担任。(其他两个儿子拿答和亚比户在父亲之先死去,也没有留下儿子 - 利十:1-7)(代上二十四:1-19)

省长是谁?应该是所罗巴伯。对于这三家人不能证明他们是以利亚撒的子孙或以他玛的子孙,他的判决是:“(他们)不可吃至圣的物,直到有用乌陵(Urim)和土明(Thummim)决疑的祭司兴起来。”乌陵(Urim)和土明(Thummim)又是什么?这是大祭司胸牌里的两块玉石。

出二十八:30 又要将乌陵和土明放在决断的胸牌里。亚伦进到耶和华面前的时候,要带在胸前,在耶和华面前常将以色列人的决断牌带在胸前。

利八:8 又给他带上胸牌,把乌陵和土明放在胸牌内;

民二十七:21 他要站在祭司以利亚撒面前,以利亚撒要凭乌陵的判断,在耶和华面前为他求问。他和以色列全会众,都要遵以利亚撒的命出入。

申三十三:8 论利未说:“耶和华啊,你的土明和乌陵都在你的虔诚人那里。你在玛撒曾试验他,在米利巴水与他争论。。。”

撒上二十八:6 扫罗求问耶和华,耶和华却不借梦,或乌陵,或先知回答他。

一般学者认为这两块玉石是用来求问上帝的旨意。乌陵(Urim)代表不是,而土明(Thummim)代表是,透过这两块石的光暗来知道神的旨意;类似中国民间信仰里的筊杯,一种寻求神灵指示的工具。实际怎样用亦无从知道。


《尼希米记》第七章也有一份这样的名单:

尼七:61-65  “61从特米拉(Telmelah)、特哈萨(Telharesha)、基绿(Cherub)、亚顿(Addon)、音麦(Immer)上来的,不能指明他们的宗族谱系是以色列人不是。62他们是第莱雅的子孙(The children of Delaiah)、多比雅的子孙(the children of Tobiah)、尼哥大的子孙(the children of Nekoda),共六百四十二名。63祭司中,哈巴雅的子孙(the children of Habaiah)、哈哥斯的子孙(the children of Koz)、巴西莱的子孙(the children of Barzillai),因为他们的先祖娶了基列人巴西莱(Barzillai the Gileadite)的女儿为妻,所以起名叫巴西莱。64这三家的人,在族谱之中寻查自己的谱系,却寻不着,因此算为不洁,不准供祭司的职任。65省长对他们说:‘不可吃至圣的物,直到有用乌陵和土明决疑的祭司兴起来。’”

KJV:61 And these were they which went up also from Telmelah, Telharesha, Cherub, Addon, and Immer: but they could not shew their father's house, nor their seed, whether they were of Israel. 62 The children of Delaiah, the children of Tobiah, the children of Nekoda, six hundred forty and two. 63 And of the priests: the children of Habaiah, the children of Koz, the children of Barzillai, which took one of the daughters of Barzillai the Gileadite to wife, and was called after their name. 64 These sought their register among those that were reckoned by genealogy, but it was not found: therefore were they, as polluted, put from the priesthood. 65 And the Tirshatha said unto them, that they should not eat of the most holy things, till there stood up a priest with Urim and Thummim.


 

《以斯拉记》第二章

《尼希米记》第七章

           

经节

不明族谱的

人数

经节

不明族谱的

人数

           

60

第来雅的子孙(The children of Delaiah)、多比雅的子孙(the children of Tobiah)、尼哥大的子孙(the children of Nekoda)

652

62

第莱雅的子孙(The children of Delaiah)、多比雅的子孙(the children of Tobiah)、尼哥大的子孙(the children of Nekoda)

642

           
 

两份名单的数字有差异

 


比较这两份名单,属于第一种“不能指明他们的宗族谱系是以色列人不是”,《以斯拉记》里有 652 人 ,《尼希米记》则有 642 人。


6。拉二:64 - 70  “64会众共有四万二千三百六十名。65此外,还有他们的仆婢七千三百三十七名,又有歌唱的男女二百名。66他们有马(horses)七百三十六匹,骡子 (mules)二百四十五匹,67骆驼(camels)四百三十五只,驴(asses)六千七百二十匹。68有些族长到了耶路撒冷耶和华殿的地方,便为上帝的殿甘心献上礼物,要重新建造。69他们量力捐入工程库的金子六万一千达利克 (darics,drams),银子五千弥拿(minas,pound)并祭司的礼服一百件。70于是,祭司、利未人民中的一些人、歌唱的、守门的、尼提宁并以色列众人,各住在自己的城里。”

《新译本》:64全体会众共有四万二千三百六十人。65此外,还有他们的仆婢七千三百三十七人;又有男女歌唱者二百人。66他们有马七百三十六匹,骡子二百四十五匹,67骆驼四百三十五匹和驴子六千七百二十头。68当一些族长到达耶路撒冷耶和华殿的原址的时候,就为神的殿甘心献上礼物,要把殿在原址重建起来。69他们按照自己的力量奉到工程库里的,有金子五百公斤和银子两千八百公斤,以及祭司的礼服一百件。70于是祭司、利未人、歌唱者、守门的、作殿役的,和一部分人民住在城里;以色列众人都住在自己的城里。

KJV:64 The whole congregation together was forty and two thousand three hundred and threescore, 65 Beside their servants and their maids, of whom there were seven thousand three hundred thirty and seven: and there were among them two hundred singing men and singing women. 66 Their horses were seven hundred thirty and six; their mules, two hundred forty and five; 67 Their camels, four hundred thirty and five; their asses, six thousand seven hundred and twenty. 68 And some of the chief of the fathers, when they came to the house of the LORD which is at Jerusalem, offered freely for the house of God to set it up in his place: 69 They gave after their ability unto the treasure of the work threescore and one thousand drams of gold, and five thousand pound of silver, and one hundred priests' garments. 70 So the priests, and the Levites, and some of the people, and the singers, and the porters, and the Nethinims, dwelt in their cities, and all Israel in their cities.

ESV:64 The whole assembly together was 42,360, 65 besides their male and female servants, of whom there were 7,337, and they had 200 male and female singers. 66 Their horses were 736, their mules were 245, 67 their camels were 435, and their donkeys were 6,720. 68 Some of the heads of families, when they came to the house of the Lord that is in Jerusalem, made freewill offerings for the house of God, to erect it on its site. 69 According to their ability they gave to the treasury of the work 61,000 darics of gold, 5,000 minas of silver, and 100 priests' garments. 70 Now the priests, the Levites, some of the people, the singers, the gatekeepers, and the temple servants lived in their towns, and all the rest of Israel in their towns.


《尼希米记》第七章的记载是:

尼七:66 - 73  “66会众共有四万二千三百六十名。67此外,还有他们的仆婢七千三百三十七名,又有歌唱的男女二百四十五名。68他们有马七百三十六匹,骡子二百四十五匹,69骆驼四百三十五只,驴六千七百二十匹。70有些族长为工程捐助。省长捐入库中的金子一千达利克,碗五十个,祭司的礼服五百三十件。71又有族长捐入工程库的金子二万达利克,银子二千二百弥拿。72其余百姓所捐的金子二万达利克,银子二千弥拿,祭司的礼服六十七件。73于是,祭司、利未人、守门的、歌唱的、民中的一些人、尼提宁,并以色列众人,各住在自己的城里。”

KJV:66 The whole congregation together was forty and two thousand three hundred and threescore, 67 Beside their manservants and their maidservants, of whom there were seven thousand three hundred thirty and seven: and they had two hundred forty and five singing men and singing women. 68 Their horses, seven hundred thirty and six: their mules, two hundred forty and five: 69 Their camels, four hundred thirty and five: six thousand seven hundred and twenty asses. 70 And some of the chief of the fathers gave unto the work. The Tirshatha gave to the treasure a thousand drams of gold, fifty basons, five hundred and thirty priests' garments. 71 And some of the chief of the fathers gave to the treasure of the work twenty thousand drams of gold, and two thousand and two hundred pounds of silver. 72 And that which the rest of the people gave was twenty thousand drams of gold, and two thousand pounds of silver, and threescore and seven priests' garments. 73 So the priests, and the Levites, and the porters, and the singers, and some of the people, and the Nethinims, and all Israel, dwelt in their cities; and when the seventh month came, the children of Israel were in their cities.


 

《以斯拉记》第二章

《尼希米记》第七章

           

经节

 

数字

经节

 

数字

           

64

会众

42360
(1至63节的总人数是29818;其他的应该是妇人的数目)

66

会众

42360(5至65节的总人数是31089;其他的应该是妇人的数目)

           

65

仆婢

7337

67

仆婢

7337

           
 

歌唱的男女

200

 

歌唱的男女

345

           

66

马(horses)

736 匹

68

736 匹

           
 

骡子(mules)

245 匹

 

骡子

245 匹

           

67

骆驼(camels)

435 只

 

骆驼

435 只

           
 

驴(asses)

6720 匹

 

6720 匹

           

69

金子

六万一千达利克(darics,drams)

     
           
 

银子

五千弥拿(minas,pound)

     
           
 

祭司的礼服

一百件

     
           
     

70

省长捐入库中的金子一千达利克,碗五十个,祭司的礼服五百三十件

金子共 41000 达利克:
银子共 4200 弥拿;
碗共 50 个;
祭司礼服 共 597 件

         
     

71

族长捐入工程库的金子二万达利克,银子二千二百弥拿

         
     

72

其余百姓所捐的金子二万达利克,银子二千弥拿,祭司的礼服六十七件

金子 一达利克(darics)= 约重 8.4克

银子 一弥拿(minas 或 siglos) = 约重 5.3 克

金子 一达利克(darics)= 20 银子 siglos

《新译本》把一公斤金子等同 122 达利克(darics)

一公斤银子等同约 1.79 弥拿(minas)

 

金币 一达利克(darics)

银币 一弥拿(siglos)


“于是,祭司、利未人民中的一些人、歌唱的、守门的、尼提宁并以色列众人,各住在自己的城里。” --  被掳七十年后,犹太人终于回到自己的故乡。他们一路走着,高唱着诗歌:

美梦成真

诗篇一百二十六:1 - 6

1当耶和华将那些被掳的带回锡安的时候,我们好象做梦的人。
2我们满口喜笑、满舌欢呼的时候,外邦中就有人说:“耶和华为他们行了大事!”
3耶和华果然为我们行了大事,我们就欢喜。

4耶和华啊,求你使我们被掳的人归回,好象南地的河水复流!
5流泪撒种的,必欢呼收割!
6那带种流泪出去的,必要欢欢乐乐地带禾捆回来!


信实守约和施慈爱的上帝没有忘记他的子民;他答应让他们“美梦成真”,这是他的恩典!外邦人认为不可能的事(Mission Impossible) ,现在不得不承认“耶和华为他们行了大事!”(耶三十二:17 “主耶和华啊,你曾用大能和伸出来的膀臂创造天地,在你没有难成的事。”)当看到上帝在外邦人面前,向自己的子民仰脸,使他的脸光照他们(诗四:6,民六:25-26),蒙恩的人怎会不喜乐满怀呢?

“于是,祭司、利未人民中的一些人、歌唱的、守门的、尼提宁并以色列众人,各住在自己的城里。” -- 回归的人数只有 42360 人,还有很多人留在被掳之地。难道蒙恩的人就各自回去自己的城里,住天花板的房屋,忙自己的事(该一:4),忘记了上帝当日激起波斯王塞鲁士的心,下诏允许犹大人归回耶路撒冷,是要他们重建圣殿吗?当然不是。下一章我们看到他们在省长所罗巴伯和大祭司耶书亚的领导下,他们开始重建祭坛和圣殿根基。但最重要的问题是:

七十年后回家,看到田园荒芜,荆棘丛生,且不问归回的人(大部分是在圣殿事奉的祭司、利未人、歌唱的、守门的、殿役。。)有多少可以下田撒种,有谁敢担保天会降甘露,地一定出土产呢?

所以,诗人蒙恩喜不自胜的时候,也同时向上帝祈求,求什么呢?

A。“4耶和华啊,求你使我们被掳的人归回,好象南地的河水复流!”

《吕振中译本》这样翻译:“4永恒主阿,恢复我们的故业哦,像南地的溪河复流一样。”

诗人自己得救回来,他一方面求上帝“使我们被掳的人归回”,意思是他没有忘记在被掳之地还有其他同胞,他盼望他们也能尽早归回故地,大家一同负起重建故国的重担;另一方面他盼望看到另一次的复兴,“好象南地的河水复流!”,这是另一次的 Mission Impossible!


B。“5流泪撒种的,必欢呼收割!”

《吕振中译本》这样翻译:“5愿流泪撒种的、欢呼地收割。”

归回是上帝的大能的作为;现在田园荒芜,荆棘丛生,归回的人要肩负起重建的工作,下田“流泪撒种”是绝对免不了。诗人的“愿”,表示他盼望上帝能赐福与他们,“天会降甘露,地一定出土产”(该一:10),使他们有丰收,欢呼地收割。


C。“6那带种流泪出去的,必要欢欢乐乐地带禾捆回来!”

《吕振中译本》这样翻译:“6愿那带着撒种的种子、哭着出去的、带着禾捆、欢呼地回来。”

这是典型的诗歌文体的正对(synonymous)特色,第一、二句意义平行,既不加重,也不减轻。譬如,

我涂抹了你的过犯,像厚云消散;
我涂抹了你的罪恶,如薄云灭没。(赛四十:22)

这里的第 5 和第 6 节就是典型的正对句子:

 5   流泪     撒种的,   必欢呼       收割!

 6   流泪出去的  那带种, 必要欢欢乐乐地   带禾捆回来! 


结果怎样?

《哈该书》一章 2-11 节:

2万军之耶和华如此说:“这百姓说:‘建造耶和华殿的时候尚未来到。;”
3那时耶和华的话临到先知哈该说:
4“这殿仍然荒凉,你们自己还住天花板的房屋吗?
5现在万军之耶和华如此说:你们要省察自己的行为。
6你们撒的种多,收的却少;你们吃,却不得饱;喝,却不得足;穿衣服,却不得暖;得工钱的,将工钱装在破漏的囊中。”
7万军之耶和华如此说:“你们要省察自己的行为。
8你们要上山取木料建造这殿,我就因此喜乐,且得荣耀。”这是耶和华说的。
9“你们盼望多得,所得的却少;你们收到家中,我就吹去。这是为什么呢?因为我的殿荒凉,你们各人却顾自己的房屋。”这是万军之耶和华说的。
10“所以为你们的缘故,天就不降甘露,地也不出土产。
11我命干旱临到地土、山冈、五谷、新酒和油,并地上的出产、人民、牲畜,以及人手一切劳碌得来的。”

祈求是一回事,有没有行动是另一回事。

在上帝即使没有难成的事,但如果我们只是祈求,没有相应的行动,Mission Impossible 永远是 Mission Impossible!

我们下一课再谈。

 

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